Astigmatism (unequal curvature of the cornea)

Astigmatism results from a deformation of the surface of the cornea and is often associated with another sight defect (myopia, hyperopia). The image of an object formed on the retina is always distorted, whatever the distance of the object.
In most cases, the astigmatism can be corrected by surgery.

Irregular deformation of the cornea (e.g. keratoconus)
An irregular deformation of the cornea may result from a disease or an injury – the surface of the cornea is undulated ("wavy") or otherwise irregular. A tissue modification (keratoconus) may also lead to distorted or blurred sight. The visual acuity may decrease considerably with time.

Through surgical Stabilization of the cornea the deformation of the cornea may be markedly reduced in most cases. (See also treatments and surgical Stabilization of the cornea) By the same procedure, the surface of the cornea can also be made more symmetrical and regular again.

Normal vision Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Presbyopia Special lenses to correct / avoid residual defects Suitability for refractive surgery